Che or Cui? Italian Relative Pronouns Made Simple

Che and cui are the two most common relative pronouns in Italian, and one of the most common sources of mistakes for English speakers. The good news: one simple rule covers almost every case.

In short

  • Che = that, who, which. Use it without a preposition: il libro che leggo.
  • Cui = which, whom. Use it after a preposition: il libro di cui parlo, la città in cui vivo.
  • In Italian the preposition never goes at the end of the sentence: la ragazza con cui parlo, not la ragazza che parlo con.
  • Il cui / la cui = whose: l’amica il cui padre è medico.

What is a relative pronoun?

A relative pronoun connects two parts of a sentence and refers back to a noun you’ve already mentioned. In English: who, whom, which, that.

ItalianEnglish
Ho comprato un libro. Il libro è bellissimo.I bought a book. The book is beautiful.
Il libro che ho comprato è bellissimo.The book (that) I bought is beautiful.

In English you can often leave “that” out. In Italian, you can’t: the relative pronoun is always there.

The basic rule: che or cui?

PronounWhenExampleEnglish
cheno preposition (subject or direct object)Il libro che ti ho consigliato.The book I recommended to you.
cuiafter a preposition: di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, fraIl medico di cui ti ho parlato.The doctor I told you about.
Che vs cui

When to use che

Use che when the verb connects directly to the noun, with no preposition in between. Che can be the subject or the object:

ItalianEnglish
Il ragazzo che vedo ogni mattina.The boy (that) I see every morning.
La macchina che guido è vecchia.The car (that) I drive is old.
La signora che abita qui è simpatica.The lady who lives here is nice.
Il film che abbiamo visto ieri.The movie (that) we saw yesterday.

When to use cui

Use cui whenever the verb needs a preposition. The preposition goes before cui:

ItalianEnglish
Il ragazzo con cui parlo.The boy I’m talking to.
La città in cui vivo.The city I live in.
L’amica a cui scrivo.The friend I’m writing to.
Il giorno in cui ci siamo conosciuti.The day (when) we met.
Il motivo per cui ti chiamo.The reason (why) I’m calling you.

Notice the last two: in cui often means “when” (for time) and per cui means “why” (for reasons).

Why English speakers get confused

In English, the preposition can go at the end: “the friend I talked with.” In Italian, it must stay with the relative pronoun: l’amico con cui ho parlato.

Common mistakes

❌ Not this✅ But thisEnglish
Il ragazzo che ho parlato con…Il ragazzo con cui ho parlatothe boy I talked to
Il film che ti ho parlato…Il film di cui ti ho parlatothe movie I told you about
La casa che abito…La casa in cui abitothe house I live in
La persona che ho scritto…La persona a cui ho scrittothe person I wrote to

Verbs that need cui, by preposition

Many mistakes come from verbs that take a preposition in Italian. Here are the most common, grouped to help you remember them:

Verb + prepositionExample with cuiEnglish
pensare aLa vacanza a cui penso sempre.The vacation I always think about.
scrivere aL’amico a cui scrivo spesso.The friend I often write to.
telefonare aMia nonna, a cui telefono la domenica.My grandmother, whom I call on Sundays.
rispondere aIl messaggio a cui non ho risposto.The message I didn’t answer.
parlare conLa ragazza con cui ho parlato.The girl I spoke to.
uscire conIl ragazzo con cui esco.The guy I’m dating.
viaggiare conLe persone con cui viaggio.The people I travel with.
vivere inLa città in cui vivo.The city I live in.
credere inLe idee in cui credo.The ideas I believe in.
parlare diIl libro di cui parliamo.The book we’re talking about.
occuparsi diIl progetto di cui mi occupo.The project I’m in charge of.
lavorare perL’azienda per cui lavoro.The company I work for.
andare daIl dentista da cui vado.The dentist I go to.
Common verbs that need cui

See more in my guide to Italian verbs with prepositions.

Two more things worth knowing

  • Il cui, la cui, i cui, le cui = whose. The article agrees with the thing that is owned: la scrittrice il cui libro ho letto (the writer whose book I read).
  • Il quale, la quale, i quali, le quali can replace che or cui, especially in formal or written Italian: la persona con la quale ho parlato. In everyday speech, che and cui are much more common.

Quick practice

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between che and cui in Italian?

Use che when there is no preposition (il libro che leggo) and cui after a preposition (il libro di cui parlo, la città in cui vivo).

Can I put the preposition at the end of the sentence in Italian?

No. In Italian the preposition always goes before cui: la ragazza con cui parlo, not la ragazza che parlo con.

How do you say “whose” in Italian?

Use il cui, la cui, i cui, le cui. The article agrees with the thing that is owned: la scrittrice il cui libro ho letto.

Can I leave out “che” like “that” in English?

No. In English you can say “the book I read,” but in Italian the relative pronoun is always needed: il libro che ho letto.

Practice with my stories

Relative pronouns are everywhere in stories: the friend who…, the city where…, the day when… Here are three of my readers to see che and cui in context:

Incontri in Sicilia, Italian graded reader A2

Incontri in Sicilia
Level A2

Fiona travels to Sicily and meets the people who change her trip.

Cioccolato, Amore e Torino, Italian graded reader B1+

Cioccolato, Amore e Torino
Level B1+

Marie’s journey continues in Turin, between love, creativity and chocolate.

Mediterraneo, Italian graded reader B1

Mediterraneo
Level B1

Liam and Charlotte’s new life in Puglia turns into a mystery.

Italian Teacher and Author Serena capilli

Ciao! I’m Serena Capilli, the author behind ItalianPills and a certified Italian teacher. Originally from Sicily and based in Rome, I create Italian graded readers, Piazzetta Italiana magazine, and a slow Italian podcast for adult learners.

My stories grew out of my lessons with English-speaking students: short, accessible texts with useful expressions, cultural insights, exercises, and audio to help you read, listen, and find more to say in Italian.

Explore my books · More about me

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